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Hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna

Hawthorn is a native that is used in most hedges on farms. It's prickly, which helps keep animals in, or out.

The fruit is attractive for birds and the flowers for insects.

The young leaves and leaf buds can be eaten straight from the tree. They have a sweet nutty flavour and can be added to salads along with the flower buds.

A liquor was made from hawthorn buds and brandy.

Formerly the timber, when of sufficient size, was used for making small articles, for handles, and because of its hardness, for engravers' blocks.

The fruit is also edible, if not very tasty.

The plant is used mainly for treating disorders of the heart and circulation system, especially angina. It increases the blood flow to the heart muscles and restores normal heart beat. This effect is brought about by the presence of bioflavonoids in the fruit, these bioflavonoids are also strongly antioxidant, helping to prevent or reduce degeneration of the blood vessels.

Both the fruits and flowers of hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure, they are also used to treat a heart muscle weakened by age, for inflammation of the heart muscle, arteriosclerosis and for nervous heart problems. Prolonged use is necessary for the treatment to be efficacious. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture.

Hawthorn is combined with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to enhance poor memory, working by improving the blood supply to the brain.

The bark is astringent and has been used in the treatment of malaria and other fevers.

The roots are said to stimulate the arteries of the heart.