Pioneer plants
Pioneer trees and shrubs are natures way of preparing a site for the growth of a forest. They are verry tolerant trees, withstanding frost, wind and poor soils. They are usually short lived, and when shade increases they die back, making space for more permanent plants.
| Alder, alnus glutinosa | Willows, salix species |
| Willow leaved buckthorn, hippophea salicifolia | Elder, sambucus nigra |
| Gorse, ulex europaeus | Tree lupin, lupinus arboreus |