Pioneer plants
Pioneer trees and shrubs are natures way of preparing a site for the growth of a forest. They are verry tolerant trees, withstanding frost, wind and poor soils. They are usually short lived, and when shade increases they die back, making space for more permanent plants.
Alder, alnus glutinosa | Willows, salix species |
Willow leaved buckthorn, hippophea salicifolia | Elder, sambucus nigra |
Gorse, ulex europaeus | Tree lupin, lupinus arboreus |